Mood Disorders and Dysautonomia in Patients Diagnosed with Idiopathic Hypersomnia: A Retrospective Analysis (2000-2023)

There is limited data on well-documented comorbidities with polysomnography (PSG)/multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) findings in idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). We aimed to characterize the clinical, PSG/MSLT characteristics of IH patients in our health network. : We reviewed charts of all IH cases between 2000 and 2023, extracting clinical features, comorbidities, and PSG/MSLT findings. One hundred forty-two patients (83.80% female) with IH were included. Compared to those without mood disorders, both major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety patients were older at onset (27.10 ± 8.32 and 26.76 ± 8.40 versus 23.23 ± 6.94 and 24.05 ± 7.31 years; = 0.003 and = 0.042) and had lower ESS (15 versus 19; 15.67 versus 17.75; < 0.0001), more disrupted sleep (28 (36.36%) versus 8 (12.31%); = 0.001; 24 (35.82%) versus 12 (16%); = 0.007), and less sleep inertia (30 (38.96%) versus 38 (58.46%); = 0.021; 26 (38.81%) versus 42 (56%); = 0.04). Fifteen patients with dysautonomia disorders presented at an earlier age (21.80 ± 6.60 versus 25.75 ± 8, = 0.0682). On MSLT, MDD, anxiety, and dysautonomia patients had longer sleep latencies than the non-affected counterparts (6.40 (5.40-7.60) minutes versus 3.60 (2.60-5.40) min., <0.0001; 6.20 (5.20-7.40) versus 4 (2.60-6.40) minutes; < 0.0001; 7.40 (6-7.80) versus 5.40 (3-7); = 0.008). MDD and anxiety cases had fewer sleep onset REM periods (7 (9.09%) versus 16 (24.62%), = 0.0124 and 6 (8.96%) versus 17 (22.67%), = 0.0388) compared to those not affected by these disorders. Our study highlights the importance of recognizing mood disorders and dysautonomia in patients diagnosed with IH. Further research may elucidate management strategies for these patients.