Influence of end-tidal CO on cerebral blood flow during orthostatic stress in controls and adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Brain perfusion is sensitive to changes in CO levels (CO reactivity). Previously, we showed a pathological cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction in the majority of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients during orthostatic stress. Limited data are available on the relation between CO and CBF changes in ME/CFS patients. Therefore, we studied this relation between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls (HC) during tilt testing. In this retrospective study, supine and end-tilt CBF, as measured by extracranial Doppler flow, were compared with P CO data in female patients either with a normal heart rate and blood pressure (HR/BP) response or with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and in HC. Five hundred thirty-five female ME/CFS patients and 34 HC were included. Both in supine position and at end-tilt, there was a significant relation between CBF and P CO in patients (p < 0.0001), without differences between patients with a normal HR/BP response and with POTS. The relations between the %CBF change and the P CO reduction were both significant in patients and HC (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0012, respectively). In a multiple regression analysis, the patient/HC status and P CO predicted CBF. The contribution of the P CO to CBF changes was limited, with low adjusted R values. In female ME/CFS patients, CO2 reactivity, as measured during orthostatic stress testing, is similar to that of HC and is independent of the type of hemodynamic abnormality. However, the influence of CO changes on CBF changes is modest in female ME/CFS patients.